სახელმწიფოს და ეკლესიის ურთიერთობათა ტრანსფორმაცია საქართველოში საუკუნის მანძილზე
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Date
2021
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Abstract
The struggle for autocephaly was a political issue for Georgian political groups
in the early 20th century, and it was closely linked to the struggle for Georgian political
rights (autonomy, independence). After the fall of the Russian Empire, the autocephaly
of the Georgian Church was restored on March 12, 1917, which preceded the
declaration of independence of Georgia on May 26, 1918.
The policy of the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia was aimed
at separating the secular and religious spheres. Paragraph 5 of the Declaration of
Independence of Georgia of May 26, 1918 emphasized the full equality of citizens
of all faiths. The sharp separation of the religious and secular spheres took place first of all
in the field of education, which was defined by Article 110 of the Constitution of the
Democratic Republic of Georgia: “Education is secular in schools of all levels.” On
November 26, 1918, the Parliament-National Council of Georgia adopted a law on
the abolition of the teaching of divine law in schools. Cultural monuments were the
subject of mutual care under the legislation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
The restoration-renovation of the monasteries under the Church was carried out at the
request of the Patriarchate before the Arts Commission of the Constituent Assembly
or the Ministry of Education and at the expense of the state.
The separation issue was reflected in the calendar, where there were many
church holidays. As a result of the joint work of the Parliamentary Labor and Religion
Committees, ecclesiastical and civil holidays were established, which included
all the sacred and important Christian holidays.
By a decree of the Parliament of Georgia of November 19, 1920, all religious organizations,
including the Georgian Orthodox Church, were removed from state life,
leaving only the religious needs of believers to be met. It was forbidden to provide
funds from the state treasury for religious purposes.
The most important aspect of the separation of church and state was the Civil
Registry Act of December 3, 1920, which forbade clergy to conduct religious rites of
birth, marriage, or death without a state registration document.
The issue of the state’s relationship with the church was finally established by
the Constitution adopted on February 21, 1921, which in Chapter 16 – “State and
Church” defined the independence of the state and the church (Article 142). Equality
of all religions was declared (Article 143) and the spending of budget funds for religious
affairs was prohibited (Article 144).
The process of separating the secular and religious spheres in the atheistic Soviet
Union is a form of state domination over the church. The result was harassment of the
church and the clergy, total control. In Georgia, along with political issues, the struggle
for church rights played an important role in the anti-Soviet dissident movement.
Since the restoration of Georgia’s independence in 1991, the role of the Church in
political life has been gradually increasing, culminating in the “Concordat” in 2002,
which defined the relationship between the government and the Church.
Description
კონფერენცია ეძღვნება ჭაბუა ამირეჯიბის დაბადებიდან 100 წლის იუბილეს/ The Conference is Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of Chabua Amirejibi
Keywords
საქართველო, ისტორია, ეკლესია, Georgia, history, church
Citation
საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია: 1921 წლის ისტორიულ-კულტურული მოვლენები: ხედვა საუკუნის შემდეგ, თეზისები, 2021, გვ. 65-68/ International Scientific Conference: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EVENTS OF 1921: THE VISION A CENTURY LATER, Theses, 2021, pp.: 65-68