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Item ჯანდაცვის პოლიტიკა(ილიას სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა, 2016) ვერულავა, თენგიზItem ჯანდაცვის სისტემა საქართველოს დამოუკიდებლობის პერიოდში (1918-1921)(ჯანდაცვის პოლიტიკის და ეკონომიკის ცენტრი, 2018) ვერულავა, თენგიზ; ჯორბენაძე, რევაზსაქართველოს დამოუკიდებლობის (1918-1921) მოკლე პერიოდში საქართველოს ჯანდაცვის სისტემაში განხორციელდა მნიშვნელოვანირეფორმები. დამოუკიდებელი საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის მთავრობამ ქვეყნის ისტორიაში პირველად დაიწყო ჯანდაცვის სახელმწიფო დონეზე ორგანიზება, მართვა, დაფინანსება, ეროვნული სამედიცინო კადრების მომზადება. ჯანმრთელობის დაცვის დარგში განხორციელებულმა რეფორმებმა თავისი წვლილი შეიტანეს ქვეყანაში ცივილიზებული საზოგადოებრივი ურთიერთობების დამკვირვების და დემოკრატიული საზოგადოების განვითარების საქმეშიItem Food products labeling in Georgia: problems and solutions(Science Publishing Corporation, 2018) Verulava, Tengiz; Gurchiani, Tamuna; Jorbenadze, RevazThe Georgian legislation is a very clear regarding food labeling and completely shares the regulations and fundamental principles of all EU member states at formal level, but there are no effective mechanisms and institutions in place to react to the violation of the established regulations of the law, as well as to be responsible on the increase of public awareness, raising the food purchase and consumption culture. The aim of the thesis is to show problems in the Georgian food market in terms of fulfillment of fundamental norms envisaged under the EU Association Agreement. Qualitative research methodology - Observation method was used for data gathering. Observation was conducted in agricultural hypermarkets of Tbilisi. The situation in Georgia in terms of food labeling norms is quite complicated. The fundamental rules are met in no object of food sales, the information printed on food products creates the obscure presentation for customers regarding its content and suitability, the level of awareness of consumers is very low, consumers are not interested in details about the label information. The consumers focus on the price of products not on the information about its characteristics. Despite regulations that exists on formal level and existence of National Food Agency and also several active projects within partnership with European Union, situation in Georgia is complicated with lack of information from consumers and spurning food safety norms from their side. It is important to increase consumers awareness and actively turning them into those processesItem დაზღვევის ისტორია(ჯანდაცვის პოლიტიკის და ეკონომიკის ცენტრი, 2018) ვერულავა, თენგიზItem The Attitude of the Orthodox Parishioners Toward Euthanasia: Evidence From Georgia(SAGE Publications, 2019) Verulava, Tengiz; Mamulashvili, Mariam; Kachkachishvili, Iago; Jorbenadze, RevazItem Sustainable Tourism for Contribution to Economic Growth and Social Inclusion of Rural Communities in Post-Soviet Georgia(2019) Iashvili, Ia; Doghonadze, Tatia; Gvenetadze, TinatinThe aim of our research is to find out to what extent tourism industry in Western Georgia ensures sustainable regional development - economic benefits and social inclusion of rural communities. Our working hypothesis assume that tourism should be the main source for the regional development – with positive effects in employment, income generation, social inclusion, welfare growth of rural households and natural environmental protection. Does the Prometheus carst cave as a tourist destination create better living conditions for villagers? What are dimensions of influence of native population on environment and in what way does increasing growth of tourist flows affect sustainability of the ecosystem? How much does the influence of this tourist site span all socio-economic and gender/age segments of the community? How actively is local population involved in decision making and how close are relationships between governmental/non-governmental/private businesses and local community members? Our research is based on Case Study and Qualitative Research methods; we also refer to Stakeholder Analysis; primary and secondary academic sources are used as well. The results of our survey showed the economic benefit from tourism, although with diversified influence on social capital particularly, on households with different social-economic statuses. The research revealed misuse of natural resources; the process of involvement of villagers in decision making was assessed as weak; and the lack of professional skills among locals to run minor businesses needs to be improved.Item პირველადი ჯანდაცვის გამოწვევები საქართველოში ხარაგაულისა და ჭიათურის მუნიციპალიტეტების მაგალითზე(ევროკავშირი საქართველოსათვის, 2019) ლაურა, გოგოლაძე; თენგიზ, ვერულავა; იაგო, კაჭკაჭიშვილი; ოსიკო, კონცელიძეწიგნში განხილულია პირველადი ჯანდაცვის სისტემაში არსებული პრობლემების და მათი გადაწყვეტის გზების კვლევა იმერეთის რეგიონის ორი მუნიციპალიტეტის – ხარაგაულისა და ჭიათურის მაგალითზე.Item Socialization among the rural-to-urban migrant students in Georgia(Youth Voice Journal, 2019) Verulava, Tengiz; Kapanadze, Nino; Chilingarashvili, Sophiko; Panchulidze, Tamar; Kachkachishvili, Iago; Jorbenadze, Revaz; Dangadze, BekaPurpose. Difficulties and stress associated with cultural adjustment are significant issues affecting the life experience of the rural-to-urban migrant students. They may experience problems such as culture shock, psycho-social difficulties and interpersonal conflicts, which may negatively affect migrant students’ socialization. The goal of this research was to identify socialization and adaptation related problems that migrant students encounter. Design/methodology/approach. In the framework of qualitative research method, the focus groups were identified and studied. Findings. Majority of students had difficulties adapting to the urban environment. They felt uncomfortable in urban noise, traffic jams and crowded streets. For the majority of students living conditions worsened after arriving to the capital city. Because of the lack of free time, most of the migrant students could visit their families only on holidays. Some of them felt discriminated because of their language accent, taste and style. Most students plan to return to their home region and use experience and knowledge gained in urban places. However, some students do not plan to return because they don’t see any career prospects back home. Recommendations. It is recommended to develop specific types of interventions that will target the unique needs of rural-to-urban migrant students. Training and educational programs can be done to increase students’ awareness of available services. In addition, creating a more flexible and tailored environment, where students can actively engage in various activities in order to increase the quality of their socialization, will be beneficial.Item Polarization as a Threat for Democracy Analysis of the Media System of Georgia(2019) Kuprashvili, NatiaGeorgia represents one of the most polarized democracies throughout the world. This is how the evaluation made by German organization Democracy Reporting International and Young Lawyers Association of Georgia looks like according to the research they conducted in 2017. According to the reports of international observation organizations, polarization is one of the obstacles for the development of democracy in Georgia. Though polarization does not bear an ideological character in Georgia but it is revealed in two political opponents that turns into the so-called antagonist symbiosis in the pre- election periods. For the latest 7 years, the two politically polarized forces have been observed in Georgia – Georgian Dream – currently in power and National Movement that represented the Georgian government earlier and its groups. The similar ideological platforms are beyond the antagonistic symbiosis, both forces support market economic reforms and name Euro- Atlantic integration as the priority of the country‘s external policy. The pre-election and general media monitoring, conducted by influential international and local organizations show that media outlets are also sharply polarized. It applies mostly to the TV area. Television still remains one of the sources for information spreading (more than 70%). Two national broadcasters - ,,Rustavi 2” and ,,Imedi ― share the largest part of the audience. Besides, according to different reports, ,,Rustavi 2“ owners are affiliated with the former government – National Movement while ,,Imedi ― is distinguished by its loyalty to the Georgian Dream government as well as biased coverage. The distinctive form of political polarization and the fact that parallel media polarization remain unexamined and unstudied, represent the motivator encouraging us. The polarized pluralism media model is applied as a theoretical basis by us, Danniel C Hallin and Paulo Manchini provide. The research hypothesis says that independent media outlets are the primary victims of the political and parallel media polarization. The latter creates new instruments/factors to oppress and clean them or strengthen the existing ones. This tendency comes back as a boomerang to democracy – and represents a threat. By applying the qualitative methodology, we are carrying out the study of the Georgian media system as the polarized monism or/and polarized – defective pluralism or/and polarized populism, which, according to the hypothesis that we propose, has adverse impact on independent media actors. The research conducted under the qualitative methodology is based on the Case Study methodology as well as the content, observation and quantitative analysis method. Besides, it depends on the deep interviews conducted by small number of independent media outlets, polls conducted via questionnaires by journalists working in regions as well as focus- groups. The research includes four factors of parallel media system of political polarization: financial, technical, legislative, human.Item The Role of Social Workers in Pediatric Oncology(Archives of the Balkan Medical Union, 2019) Verulava, Tengiz; Asatiani, Tinatin; Jorbenadze, Revaz; Dangadze, BekaIntroduction. In the past years, the role of social workers in the oncological disease treatment processes has significantly increased. The role implies supporting patient’s psychosocial conditions. This study aims at studying psycho-social challenges of oncological children and their families and defining a role of social work in this area. Methods. As part of a qualitative study, five interviews were conducted with pediatric oncologists, also 15 in-depth interviews with family members of oncological patients and a focus group with 8 members. For the quantitative study, 62 beneficiaries and 12 medical specialists were interviewed. Results. The children with oncology conditions and their families faced psycho-social challenges and were in need of social workers’ support in overcoming those challenges. The study demonstrated a low level of public awareness. There is a lack of information among both doctors and beneficiaries. Both psychologists and social workers are involved in re-socialization of oncological children and they care for the improvement of children’s quality of life and support their families. However, there are only a few of such organizations. Therefore, many people who need their support have no chance to take such services. Conclusion. Implementing the social work in the pediatric oncology will be a major step toward the medical quality standards.Item 1990-1991 წლების ქართული პრესა პოლიტიკური პროცესების ჭრილში(შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდი, 2019) შამილიშვილი, მანანა; Shamilishvili, Manana; წერეთელი, მარი; Tsereteli, Mariჩვენ მიერ საკონფერენციოდ წარმოდგენილი მოხსენება შეეხება ჩვენი ქვეყნის უახლესი ისტორიის მეტად მტკივნეულ და წინააღმდეგობებით აღსავსე პერიოდს. მასში წარმოჩენილია 1990-1991 წლების საქართველოში შექმნილი მწვავე პოლიტიკური გარემო და რადიკალური მსოფლმხედველობრივი დაპირისპირება. ეს პროცესებინათლად აისახა იმდროინდელ პრესაში. მიხედავად იმისა, რომ მონიშნული დროის ქართული მედია პლურალისტურ ბუნებას ავლენდა, მაინც აშკარა იყო იდეოლოგიური პოლარიზების მაღალი ხარისხი. მაშინდელმა საგაზეთო პოლემიკამ მკაფიოდ წარმოაჩინა სახელისუფლებო და ოპოზიციურ ძალთა შეურიგებელი ბრძოლა, პოლიტიკურ ჯგუფებს შორის თვალსაზრისთა მკვეთრი დაშორიშორებულობა. საკვლევი პერიოდის სპეციფიკიდან გამომდინარე, მიზნად დავისახეთ ორი მნიშვნელოვანი გაზეთის – ოფიციოზური „საქართველოს რესპუბლიკისა“ და ოპოზიციური „დრონის“ პუბლიკაციათა ანალიზი. ძირითადად, ამ ორი გამოცემის ირგვლივ იყო გაერთიანებული სახელისუფლებო და ოპოზიციური ძალები. მსგავსი მედიაკლიმატი დამახასიათებელია პოსტსოციალისტური სახელმწიფოებისთვის. წარსულის ინერცია ძნელად დასაძლევი აღმოჩნდა იმდროინდელი მედიისთვის. მან, მართალია, მოიშორა საბჭოური ცენზურის წნეხი, მაგრამ ერთგული დარჩა ადრინდელი პროფესიული მიდგომებისა, რაც პარტიული მიმხრობის, ეთიკურ ნორმათა უგულებელყოფის, თვითცენზურისა და სხვა ნეგატიური მახასიათებლების სახით ვლინდებოდა. სამწუხაროდ, ეს ნაკლოვანებები არც დღესაა დაძლეული. საკითხი ვიკვლიეთ კონტექსტურად, პოლიტიკურ პროცესებზე დაკვირვებით, შესაბამისი მასალის მოძიება – კლასიფიკაციისა და შინაარსობრივი ანალიზის გზით. განვსაზღვრეთ ასევე კვლევის თეორიულ ჩარჩო. ამისთვის გამოვიყენეთ მედიისა და პოლიტიკის ურთიერთმიმართების ე. ჰალინისა და პ. მანჩინისეული მედიამოდელი. მასთან ერთად, უილიამ ჰახტენის პრესის რევოლუციური კონცეფცია. მოხმობილი მეთოდოლოგიის მიხედვით რელევანტური ტექსტების ანალიზმა მოგვცა შესაძლებლობა, გამოგვეკვეთა დასახელებული გამოცემების სარედაქციო პოლიტიკა, რაც მოვლენების მეტად სუბიექტურ აღქმაში გამოვლინდა. კვლევისას მიღებული შედეგები წარმოაჩენს პოსტსაბჭოთა საქართველოში არსებული პოლიტიკური, სოციალური და მედიაგარემოს სპეციფიკას; გამოკვეთს პოლიტიკურ ძალთა შორის დაპირისპირების გამომწვევ მიზეზებს და გვეხმარება სინამდვილის კონსტრუირებაში.Item Obstacles in the Development of Nonprofit Hospitals in Georgia(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Verulava, Tengiz; Lordkipanidze, Ana; Besiashvili, Nino; Todria, Mirian; Lobjanidze, Zviad; Jorbenadze, Revaz; Eliava, EkaterineThe most common form of ownership of medical establishments worldwide is a nonprofit organization. In contrast, the number of nonprofit medical institutions in Georgia is very scarce, while private profit organizations hold about 90% of the medical market. The goal of the research is to study the factors that affect the development of nonprofit hospitals in Georgia. Since there are very few nonprofit medial institutions in Georgia, we hypothesize that there is not enough motivation for functioning of such institutions. For the purposes of this research, six in-depth interviews were conducted with managers and experts of nonprofit organizations. As the research demonstrated, there is no sufficient motivation for functioning of the nonprofit form of medical organizations. Although the Tax Code provides tax benefits, they exist only in a token way and do not support the development of nonprofit medical organizations. It is necessary to improve the tax benefits provided for nonprofit hospitals in the Tax Code and share the world experience in order to increase number of nonprofit organizations in Georgia. It is recommended for Government to give more support to nonprofit organizations, in order to increase their functioning efficiency and bring incentive for development of new nonprofit medical institutions.Item Introduction of Mandatory Vehicle Inspection and its impact on Health: Case of Georgia(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Lordkipanidze, Ana; Bigvava, Nana; Verulava, TengizTo fight atmospheric air pollution, the Georgian government has implemented a law about vehicle inspection. The aim of this survey is to determine under which conditions are owners of technically faulty vehicles ready to give up using technically faulty cars. Within the qualitative study the in-depth interviews were conducted. Taxi drivers think that this law is harmful to them though they appreciate the efficacy of vehicle inspections. Controls should be placed on the quality of fuel as part of the development of public transport while increasing awareness about the harmful effects of atmospheric air pollution.Item Lobbying in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Kevkhishvili, Mariana; ქევხიშვილი, მარიანაThe study is focused on the influence of non-governmental organizations on the public policy in the period of “Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia” governing. According to my judgement, in the conditions established by the new government starting from 2012, NGOs have been out of the capacity to influence the law-making process in the country. My judgement is backed up by the fact, that the leader of the party Bidzina Ivanishvili, according to his own words, has a sceptical attitude towards the third sector. In his speeches, he often attacks NGOs, relevantly, the majority of the Georgian Parliament, giving consideration to his judgements and attitudes, does not adopt the draft laws advanced by NGOs or does not take their remarks and substantiated opinions into account in the process of adoption of laws. The main goal of the study is to determine the level of influence, that the non-governmental organizations, engaged in advocating politics, have on the law-making process. We studied the issue of the adoption/rejection of the draft laws presented by NGOs to the parliament of Georgia in the years 2012-2018. The study covered the extent, to which non-governmental organizations managed to achieve the desired results for the draft laws advanced by them. In this process, studying the Georgian media is important, as it shows the attempts exercised by NGOs toward making this or that issue a subject of awareness and importance in the society. Their messages are directed toward both, mobilizing the public attention and bringing the relevant information to the knowledge of the members of the government. Therefore, the third sector is trying to lobby the issue through the mass media and obtaining the desirable decisions from the policy-makers. The question to be studied is: what is the level of influence, the non- governmental sector has upon the law-creating process in the period of the Georgian Dream government? Baumgartner and Jones' punctuated equilibrium theory and the path- departing change model were used as the theoretic framework. These theories explain the model of policy changes. According to the punctuated equilibrium theory, the long period of policy-making stability may be interrupted by a drastic change in a critical moment. But the players supporting status-quo are stronger than those voting for the policy changing. Although the successful campaign of advocating carried out by the policy course change supporters cause change of the status-quo. To study the Georgian media, we used the Framing’s method, that studies the way journalists separate out political information and get it ready for presentation before the public. They naturally create frames, when they bring news and narratives to our notice, thus creating a public opinion. Through these frame issues are given specific contents by way of underlining, interpretation and deduction. Content analysis was used as the method for this study. Through this method we studied the information published on the web-page of the Georgian parliament, concerning all the draft laws advanced and proposed by non-governmental organizations and the Georgian media reporting political issues.Item Routinization of Conflict in Ukraine as a Security Dilemma(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Güç, Kürşat; გუჩი, კურშატThe conflict in Ukraine left behind its fifth year. The clashes that caused the deaths of thousands of people and hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people are the sources of the political and humanitarian crises in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea. Although the conflict situation and territorial instability in Ukraine may seem like a major security problem for the country, the Ukrainian political decision-makers are also benefiting from the impasse of the problem. Because Ukraine uses Russia's so-called intervention in conflicts to obtain the support of the West. Thus, it is thought that the conflict would cause the West, especially Europe, to embrace and support Ukraine against the aggression of Russia. Thus, with the support of the West, Ukraine will prevent the entire country from entering the sphere of influence of Russia. Ukraine, which wants to use the image of the “expansionist and aggressive Russia”, which is created by the routine conflict, in the negotiation processes with the West, is about to disregard a part of the country and guarantee the rest. But this situation has been shaking the process of entering the European Union, which Ukraine has been looking for a long time. The European Union does not want to include a country which has lost control in a certain part of its borders and whose territorial integrity is unclear and there is a possibility of a hot conflict at any time. Therefore, the political uncertainty and conflict in both the Donbass region and the Crimea, on the one hand, will provide Kiev with external support and partial security, while at the same time deeply shaking the European integration process, which will provide full security. This is a paradoxical conclusion for the security of Ukraine.Item The Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the Batumi Oblast(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Orjonikidze, Tamar; ორჯონიკიძე, თამარThe Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919-1921) is the most important stage in the history of Georgian Parliamentarianism. The study of its experiences is multifaceted and interesting, including the care of the restoration of territorial integrity of Georgia. During the first year of the work of The Constituent Assembly the jurisdiction of the Democratic Republic of Georgia did not apply to Batumi Oblast and Batumi Oblast was only returned to Georgia in July 1920. The Constituent Assembly systematically reviewed the issues of “marginal regions” and including the Batumi Oblast, the existing situation and the issue of their status in the state of Georgia. The work is prepared on the basis of the content analysis of the Stenographic Reports of The Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919- 1921). The study showed, that in 1919 the condition in the Batumi Oblast was discussed on 7 meetings and in 1920 during 6 meetings of The Constituent Assembly. As a result of the survey the problems that were discussed in the respect of the mentioned Oblast are revealed. It was primarily to prevent the activities of hostile forces operating in the Batumi Oblast and to aid the development of a special state policy for integration the Batumi Oblast and its population into the Democratic Republic of Georgia. For the Batumi Oblast in accordance with the request of local political forces of Adjara, it was considered necessary to introduce autonomous governance in the composition of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. The issue was discussed at the sessions of the Constituent Assembly as well as on the session of the constitutional commission established by the Constituent Assembly, which was included in the 1921 Constitution of Georgia under the relevant Article (107). The separate regulation of autonomous governance should be developed separately (Article 108). The paper discusses the debates on this issue. Based on the biographical analysis, it was shown that three residents of the Batumi Oblast (Heidar Abashidze, Osman Mikeladze, Kadir Shervashidze) were members of the Constituent Assembly. It is important to consider the fact, that neither the main nor the additional elections have been held in Batumi Oblast. The work deals with the activities of these individuals in the Constituent Assembly. The Batumi Oblast was the last region of Georgia, which remained in the hands of the Georgian government during the February-March War of 1921 and was also a place, where the Constituent Assembly of Georgia completed its work. The last meeting of The Constituent Assembly was held in March 17, 1921 in the City Council building in Batumi. Based on the resolution, the Government of Georgia under the supervision of Noe Zhordania was granted the authorization. Afterwards he went into emigration to protect the interests of Georgia.Item Turkey’s Integration to European Union in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety and Transformations in Work Life(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Arpat, Bulent; არპათი, ბულენტIn 2012, the Law No. 6331 Occupational Health and Safety Law entered into force in Turkey with the European Union directive no 89/391/EEC, dated 12.06.1989. Upon this development, ILO contracts, no. 155 and no. 161, were added to the Turkish employment legislation. Up until 2012, Turkey has had a compensation-based approach with regards to occupational health and safety. In this approach, Turkey is mostly behind the EU legislation and practices on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases. The main characteristics of the new approach adopted with the Law No. 6331 are the establishment of continuous improvement and prevention policy, the participation of employees to management, and continuous training of employees and their representatives on determined issues. The most important part of the EU integration in occupational health and safety legislation is to have the employees covered. The legislation before 2012 had very little employee coverage. With Law No. 6331, people in different employee statuses are now included in the legislation's scope regarding occupational accidents and diseases. The most important feature of the new period, which started with the entry into force of Law No. 6331, is that it has implemented a country policy supported by social parties and other stakeholders. The workplaces were classified during this period into “less dangerous”, “dangerous”, and “very dangerous” in accordance with NACE(Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes); and employer responsibilities were determined in increasing levels according to this classification. The most important element of the preventive approach in the new period is the obligation for “Risk Assessment”. Risk assessment can be defined as determining the risks in the working environment and make the threats, that employees may face, known in advance. The aim is to prevent occupational accidents and diseases before they occur. The weakest group with regards to occupational health and safety are subcontracted workers. It is known that a great number of work accidents originating from the lack of coordination between the sub-employer and the principal employer are recorded. Law No. 6331 guarantees the coordination of the sub-employer and the principal employer by introducing healthy conditions. Ensuring integration to the EU in occupational health and safety legislation in Turkey also brings new improvements in working life. While dependent employees are not able to effectively exercise their right to work, because the subcontracting method is a pervasive employment model, the regulation in 2018 put about one million subcontractors working in the public sector into the permanent status. In all sectors, new maternity leave and wage rights for working women have been put into effect. Pensioners' economic rights have been improved by giving them two bonuses each year. In the resolutions currently discussed in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, improvements in the personal rights of many public employees are addressed. Turkey addressing the occupational health and safety regulations with the aim of integration into the EU has opened the doors to many substantial improvements in working life that are revolutionary. This study aims to evaluate the new working life rights that were introduced with the integration of occupational health and safety into the EU and continued with the domino effect within the context of the EU acquis. In the study, the transformation of working life starting with Law No. 6331 until today will be discussed with all its phases. This study highlights the essential effects of Turkey’s integration efforts to the EU on the improvement in working life.Item Exponential Capacity of Power and its Impact on Military Alliance Dynamics(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Esitashvili, Nikoloz; ესიტაშვილი, ნიკოლოზThe Cold War ended in 1989, yet the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) endures despite the disappearance of the Soviet Union—the principal rival that prompted the military alliance’s formation1 and purportedly warranted its endurance for over four decades.2 Moreover, the number of cooperative programs has steadily increased after the Cold War and currently, the US and its allies are cooperating in over 20 military programs.3 The enduring capacity of NATO is, indeed, a puzzling political event and a counterintuitive development regarding the internal logic of military alliance theory4. The central goal of the study is to find out why the cooperation among NATO members has endured and even increased since the end of the Cold War. The proposed study aims to advance an important theoretical contribution to the literature on military alliance theory. Its aim is to show, that the political economy of military production, a variable generally omitted when explaining military alliance dynamics, might be among important causal factors influencing the alliance decisions of states. The study employs a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods to find out why NATO members continued and deepened their military cooperation after the Cold War, in the absence of an external or extra- alliance threat. The explanation is based on the compatibility of interests among great powers and political economy of military production: the size and extent of scale economies, economies of scope, learning-by- doing and escalating R & D costs. The variables are measured with data available in industrial censuses and national trade statistics. Because there are only a few cases, the study employs the focused method of comparison in order to shed light on the compatibility of national interests of NATO members after the Cold War. The applied method is to be mixed with intensive case study approach to learn in depth about the states’ military and economic interests and alliance decisions they took. Such an approach allows to extract similarities and reach specific generalizations and conclusions.Item Peculiarities of Social Protest Formation in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Karaia, Tamar; ქარაია, თამარIn post-Soviet Georgia government and society experienced a long way of confrontation. The Lack of legitimacy of the government, the weakness of political institutions, as well as social-economic and political problems were the main factors, that provoked a protest lead by the politicians - aimed to resign the government and gain power. In this protest citizens where part of decoration. Nowadays we face an upraise of various social groups and transformation of the protest repertoire from resigning government to policy change. This process can be observed from 2012, since a change of the government launched new windows for opportunities. Contentious movements including ecological, labor, LGBT, marihuana decriminalization make their voice heard, collect followers, close protest stage for politicians from opposition political parties, confront or collaborate with the decision makers and trying to reach their goals using different kind of strategies. Alongside to this process, the floor for the anti-governmental political pretest has disappeared. Above mentioned changes mostly influenced the demands and the topics of protest movements. If previous movements reach their goals through a change of government, contemporary protest movements aim to change policies. This process, from our point of view can be discussed as an indicator of positive changes toward the attitude to the political institutes. We will analyze the dynamics of the protest movements in 2003-2018. This timeframe includes a period of mass protest (2003-2010); appearing social groups and launching their protest (2010-2012; 2015-2018) and a perod of silence (2013-2014). Within the research, we rely on the theory of structural functionalism, so called “windows of opportunities” (Tilly, Tarrow) that attempts to explain that movements are conditioned by the social and political situation, while the uprising of movements can be explained by the decrease of trust and influence of political parties. The main aims of this research are to analyze: factors of protest transformation; how and why developments of various social groups where provoked how these social groups are trying to transform themselves to the political elite, to influence on the solution of the issue.Item What is Hybrid Warfare and Its Geostrategic Aspects (Fourth War Generation) – Cyber War Case-Study(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university, Faculty of social and political sciences, 2019-06) Maisaia, Vakhtang; მაისაია, ვახტანგ; Mikadze, Miranda; მიქაძე, მირანდაThe hybrid war is one of the main tools of the "New Generation War." At time being, with consideration of new realities, linked with contemporary international security processes, a war game modulation has been transformed into a new dimension – the introduction of a Fourth Warfare Generation associated with the Hybrid Warfare theory and strategy. Concrete cases of Hybrid Warfare are the occupation and further annexation of Crimea peninsula by the Russian Federation from Ukraine and the so-called “Green Men” affect. Crimea's annexation has caused a threat, that Russia might create a preemptive military presence in any country, and in addition hostilities in the conditions of a hybrid war in Syria's regional war. Moreover, it is clear that war game scenarios are developing and wagging not only in 3-D formats but also in a 4-D format, meaning: land-sea-air- space (cyber). This type of warfare is also determined by the factors linked with non-visible areas and aimed at dwelling on frustration and defragmentation of a foe’s cultural values and focusing on the inferiority on information channels and flows. The viral warfare in cyber warfare is also a variety of the hybrid warfare, called the cyber war. The cyber war is a new threat to national security. The general directions of military strategic parameters of the hybrid war can be presented as follows: • not physical, not moral and political defeat; • combined, coordinated, open and hidden use of terrorism, criminal and cyber combat techniques of Combined Martial Tactical Elements. The purpose of our report is to study the concept of "hybrid war" and to discuss its geostrategic aspects in the conceptual framework of cyber war. For this purpose, it is necessary to research this topic. This will give us an opportunity to find out more about the issue of hybrid war and its geostrategic aspects on the example of the cyber war. We will mainly use qualitative research methods, namely, the review of literature, through which we will develop the theoretical framework of the research and the case study analysis will help us to inspect the real facts in a better way.