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Item Three Ilia's teachings and activities in the field of socio-economic synergism(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Shikhashvili, Giorgi; Rusidze, KakhaberFor the theological understanding of the history of the entire humanity, individual nations and countries, their past, present and future, a synergistic perception of the cooperation of divine and human forces is needed. The best example of this kind of thinking, preaching and work is represented by the three God-fearing Ilias: St. Prophet Ilia Tezbitel, St. Ilia the Righteous (Chavchavadze) and Catholicos-Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II.Item Healthy nutrition in the context of orthodox fasting(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mghebrishvili, Babulia; Keshelashvili, GiuliThe authors of the article discuss healthy diet in the context of Orthodox fasting. They believe that one of the purposes of establishing fasting by the Lord was to take care of human health, which is primarily achieved by healthy food, and fasting is the form of healthy diet. The main results of food fasting are clearly defined in the article. The authors state that these effects on human body are: prevention of overeating; building the willpower; solving health problems; learning how to cope with food cravings; development of patience; solving the problem of excess weight. The authors of the article believe that for centuries, fasting and healthy nutrition completely coincided with each other. However, today, when the industrial market is full of unhealthy products, fasting may not exactly mean healthy eating, despite the fact that both times people are expected to eat in moderation. Therefore, the authors highlight the importance of providing the right information to the population in regards to healthy products, along with information about the importance of fasting and healthy diet for human body.Item Globalization, human capital, and economic growth: modern challenges and opportunities(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Bedianashvili, Givi; Tsartsidze, Murman; Mikeladze, Nino; Gabroshvili, ZviadIn the confrontational global environment, the topics related to human capital and economic growth gain special relevance. Against the backdrop of contemporary challenges and opportunities, human capital is of particular importance in relation to economic growth. The aim of the present study is a systematic analysis of human capital and economic growth, taking into account such factors as health, education, incomes of workers and required skills, developing separate recommendations based on the peculiarities of Georgia as a small country. The study was carried out within the framework of the 2023 scientific grant project "Impact of human capital on economic growth in Georgia in the conditions of modern globalization" funded by the Faculty of Economics and Business of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University.Item The role of digital marketing in retail(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Urotadze, Ekaterine; Tsakadze, NatiaIn the twenty-first century, with increased competition due to technological progress, the importance of digital marketing has increased in all business sectors, and the retail sector is no exception. Technological progress, along with competition, has also increased the demands of the customers, what satisfied the customers in the past, may not even be enough to attract the attention of the customers. Retailers combine traditional marketing with digital marketing to attract and retain customers. Digital marketing is constantly evolving, improving and expanding its scope. New faces and abilities are added periodically. The article presents the types of digital marketing and focuses on their role and application in retail.Item Confrontational globalization: challenges, threats and prospects for the economy of Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mekvabishvili, ElgujaIn summary, contemporary confrontational globalization necessitates an examination within a broader civilizational framework, characterized by the conflict between transcontinental and transoceanic paradigms. The prevailing transoceanic model of globalization, notably the “Pan-Americana,” faces a significant challenge at present, with the contours of a multipolar global order progressively crystallizing. Confrontational globalization entails threats and risks for Georgia while also providing a fresh opportunity for successful positioning our country's economy in the global arena. Notably, the advent of the “Middle Corridor” megaproject presents an unprecedented advantageous position for Georgia, demanding a meticulous realization. To this end, we endorse the following imperative actions: The modernization of extant transport infrastructure and the construction of novel facilities; The establishment of a unified transshipment tariff encompassing the entire “corridor”; The refinement of the legal framework; The establishment of transportation and logistics hubs and the optimization of cargo flow management; The establishment of a transnational company providing services to cargo owners under a “one window” principle. Our fundamental objective is to seamlessly align with the shared interests of the East-West axis, notably the China-EU connection, and to leverage to the fullest extent the free trade agreements concluded with both China and the EU.Item For the formation effective policy issue of establishment of energy hub of Georgia with the European Union(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Lekashvili, Eka; Oboladze, Davit; Gaprindashvili, GiorgiGeorgia's positioning in the context of the European Union's foreign energy policy has become the subject of discussion in the light of the current Russia-Ukraine war, the growing dependence of the European Union on the import of Russian energy resources and threats. The purpose of the study is to offer recommendations for the issue of effective policy formation of the establishment of an energy hub of Georgia with the European Union. The work is based on the bibliographic research method. The framework documents defining the energy policy of Georgia and the European Union have been studied; The political and economic scientific-practical points of view of Georgia as an potential energy hub of EU are analyzed; Recommendations have been developed for the effective policy of establishing an energy hub of Georgia with the European Union.Item Current challenges in the field of aquaculture and future prospects(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mikatadze, CiraThe article discusses the importance of fish production for the food supply of the population and the challenges faced by producers in this area, as well as the problems in the development of the aquaculture sector. Today, aquaculture is an extremely important industry for long-term, sustainable development. The demand for seafood is increasing. Georgia is one of the five largest water resources in the world and aquaculture is very poorly developed. While the country has the resources of both fresh water and marine space for its development. Aquaculture can play an important role in the country's food security and self-sufficiency while also having good export potential. The paper analyzes the problems on the ground, the need to promote the development of the field through active communication between government agencies and local farmers, the joint efforts of the private and public sectors, the identification of production needs and the development of effective measures to address them the challenges in this area.Item Healty nutrition in the context of sustainable marketing(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mghebrishvili, BabuliaThe author of the article considers healthy diet as a necessary condition for human health, and characterizes it in the context of sustainable development and sustainable marketing. She presents an opinion that there is a mutual relationship between healthy nutrition and sustainable development. On the one hand, healthy diet helps people to be healthy and thus they are able to be active in achieving sustainable development goals. On the other hand, sustainable development and sustainable marketing creates conditions to produce healthy food and support people to stay healthy. The author of the article shares the opinion that in order to achieve increased public interest in healthy food, social marketing should be recognized as one of the main tools. However, this possibility has not being yet actively used in Georgia. The author of the article believes that the Georgian traditional cuisine can provide healthy nutrition only if the land and water, air and forest, the entire environment of Georgia will be properly protected from harmful effects.Item The role of corporate social responsibility in shaping the company's image and business reputation(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Berishvili, KhatunaThus, the actualization and priority of the problem of social responsibility of business is due to a number of circumstances, the main of which is the growing importance of intangible factors of economic growth, related to the development of human potential. The competitiveness of companies operating in the market today is largely determined by factors related to quality, not price. The most important of them is the ability to perceive innovation and the latest technological advances, which is based on human, intellectual, social capital, ie the quality of the workforce and the motivation of employees. It is this circumstance that determines the economic imperatives of business socialization.Item Challenges of the natural juices market in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mikatadze, CiraThe world is increasingly moving to a healthier lifestyle. Natural products are becoming more relevant to human health. Among them, fruits and vegetables have a strong place, because they have high nutritional and physiological value, help the body to absorb food, and improve metabolism. Natural juices are increasingly in demand in the global market. The geographical location of Georgia, natural conditions, and abundant yield of fruits from spring to autumn allow the production of a wide range of natural juices, which will contribute to the satisfaction of the local population and the development of the food industry. The variety of fruits, and their potential is a prerequisite for the production of juices with high quality, and good organoleptic indicators, and can also take an important place in the country's exports, create jobs, and contribute to the development of the economy. Based on the relevance of the issue, the market of natural juices and manufactured products is reviewed. The article focuses on the challenges facing the sector, such as the business environment, entry fees, staff shortages, and rising raw material prices. It is important to support the state to improve the business environment.Item The main challenges of the startup's development in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Shaburishvili, ShotaThe paper discusses the main strengths and weaknesses of startups in Georgia. In recent years, the number of startups in Georgia has been growing steadily, which is facilitated by the improvement of the business environment and the development of entrepreneurial culture. Government programs supporting entrepreneurship, special economic zones, tax and organizational benefits create significant incentives for local and foreign citizens to register business ventures in the jurisdiction of Georgia. The startup is a young company that creates a new, improved product or service based on a unique business model. Such business ventures stimulate the economic development of the country, increase the level of employment and innovative potential. Startups operating in Georgia still face difficulties in a number of areas, which negatively affects the full realization of its potential.Item On the basic concepts of economic security assurance(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Veshapidze, ShotaThis article delves into the fundamental concepts of economic security as developed by three significant economists: Friedrich List, John Maynard Keynes, and Hernando de Soto. It explores their varying perspectives on economic security, examining their historical context, theories, and contributions to the broader field of economics. The article also evaluates how their ideas continue to shape current economic policies and practices. Through a critical literature review, the paper highlights the relevance of their theories to modern global economic systems, providing a comparative analysis of their economic security models. The goal is to offer a deeper understanding of how these thinkers have influenced economic security discourse and how their ideas can be applied in contemporary economic challenges. The practical significance of this article lies in its potential to inform policymakers, economists, and institutions working on global and national economic security issues. By understanding the foundational theories of economic security, policymakers can develop strategies that integrate historical perspectives with contemporary challenges. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the role of state intervention, economic policies, and property rights in promoting economic stability and growth.Item Electricity supply as an important component of energy security: a statistical analysis(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Gelashvili, Simon; Abesadze, Nino; Javakhidze, UchaThe presented paper concerns the statistical study of one of the important components of energy security – electricity supply. It is evident that energy security is one of the most crucial parts of national security, and ensuring it is an essential condition for the economic development of any country, including Georgia. The paper analyzes official statistical data and identifies recent trends. Also, Various statistical methods are used to calculate relevant indicators. The research found that trends in electricity supply reflect the impact of pronounced seasonal factors, which are clearly observed in the surplus and deficit in the electricity balance. Specifically, this is seen in electricity exports during the summer and imports in the winter. Based on the identified trends and calculated indicators, the paper presents reasoned conclusions and recommendations.Item Public private partnership in the European Union and Georgian(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Putkaradze, RamazIn the modern world, the trend of strengthening relations between the state and private sectors through the penetration of private capital into state property is getting stronger in terms of economic globalization. In addition, the functions of the state and the tasks related to the privatization of individual areas of the economy within the country are changing. In this regard, cooperation between state institutions and businesses is an integral condition for the proper functioning of the market economy. In recent decades, PPP, a very special degree of interaction between the state and business, has been actively developing in a number of developed and developing countries. The importance of PPP is widely recognized in the EU member states, which is reflected in their budget allocations, legislation and relevant programs. While the development and implementation of modern strategies of innovative development in the developed countries of the West, significant attention is paid to the creation of organizational and legal guidelines for the formation of such projects of the PPP, which provide various combinations of private industrial companies, universities, government agencies and independent scientific and research laboratories to achieve specific scientific and technological results. On the other hand, the participation of business in joint infrastructural projects with the state provides good results. In particular, it contributes to the introduction of new technologies, the reduction of budget costs and the successful implementation of projects. In the EU member states PPP is recognized as one of the most important instruments for increasing competitiveness. Despite the importance of PPP, its introduction in Georgia is quite slow. The failure of a number of methodological issues for the transition to partnership relations between the state and business, lack of proper experience of such partnership, underdevelopment of the legal and normative base, bureaucratic obstacles hinder the development of SPC in Georgia. Therefore, the topic of the research is pressing. In EU countries (France, Italy, Germany, etc.), public-private partnership has been used for many years. As a result, the number of such projects is increasing significantly. It should be noted that the Public Private Cooperation Agency was established on the basis of the Law on Public and Private Cooperation, and it began to operate in February 2019. On 7 May 2003, the European Commission published its Internal Market Strategy, which highlights the need for clarification of legal issues related to PPP. On 16 September 2008 the EIB and the Commission launched the European PPP Expertise Center (EPEC), which has significantly facilitated the development of PPPs in member states. According to the World Bank (Benchmarking Infrastructure Development 2023), Georgia has good results in the evaluation components of public-private cooperation: (PPP project preparation, PPP project procurement, PPP contract management and initiative offer (USP)). The country got the highest grade, 83 points, for the PPP initiated by the private partner (USP). The evaluations in the other three components are as follows: PPP project preparation – 65 points, project procurement – 74 and contract management – 79 points. It should be stated as well that Georgia's scores in all four directions are much higher than the average indicators of countries with similar incomes around the world. Thus, the development of public-private cooperation in Georgia has a great perspective, which in turn will contribute to the country's economic development and getting closer to the European Union.Item Job satisfaction of personnel employed in the healthcare system as a key factor in improving the quality of medical services(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Paresashvili, Nino; Okruashvili, Nanuli; Tikishvili, Mzia; Chitaladze, KetevanThe article discusses the job satisfaction of employees in the medical sector as the most important factor in achieving public welfare and ensuring the sustainable development of the healthcare system. It is substantiated that the job satisfaction of medical personnel has a positive effect on both the organizational and individual productivity of the personnel, as well as on the quality of the medical service provided and, accordingly, on the patient's satisfaction with the services received.Item Control as an important element of strategic human resource management(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Paichadze, NugzarControl is an important tool of strategic management of human resources. This article is devoted mainly to this problem. Here are discusses such issues as: the function and importance of control in the human resource management system. Principles derived from business practice on which control should be based in order to successfully perform its functions, evaluation of control results and its stages, evaluation of personnel, as a form of control.Item Small and medium business development trends in Georgia: an overview of challenges(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Abdushelishvili, NikaThe paper substantiates the role of small and medium business in the economic development of the country. In accordance with the challenges of globalization and digitization, the problems in this sector are presented and the need to conduct relevant studies is shown. Based on the review of the literature, the main findings of the research on the problems of small and medium business development in the works of scientists have been compared, the trends of the development of small and medium business in Georgia have been analyzed, the main challenges have been identified. According to the size of the enterprises, their share in export is discussed, also the number of employees in this type of enterprises is given, the turnover indicators, the number of employees and the level of wages are estimated. Based on the summary of these indicators, conclusions are made and recommendations are offered on the ways of the future development of small and medium-sized businesses.Item Some methodological Aspects of studying the impact of financial inclusion on poverty(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Mikiashvili, NinoThe problem of poverty requires a multifaceted and in-depth study. In the course of the research, both national and regional characteristics, as well as epochal peculiarities, should be taken into account alongside general methodological basics. The aim of this paper is to determine the principles by which the dependence of financial inclusion on poverty reduction can be assessed. It is hypothesized that financial inclusion can significantly reduce poverty. To evaluate this relationship, both quantitative and qualitative analyses are needed. The factors that significantly influence poverty levels will be identified and investigated. The quantitative analysis will primarily rely on econometric regression models, where the poverty rate is treated as the dependent variable and financial inclusion as the main explanatory variable. A multidimensional financial inclusion index will be used to quantify financial inclusion, allowing for emphasis on one or more components of this index based on the research objectives. The model should ideally be constructed using panel data and include control variables such as economic growth, income inequality, labor informality rates, average years of education, etc.Item Features of the use of circular economy indicators in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Kakulia, NaziraIn this study, we analyzed issues related to the formation of a circular economy. We can say that the formation of a “green economy” is the main task of the 21st century for humanity. In this regard, there is significant political support at the level of international organizations and individual countries. Important results in the framework of the study are that the stability of the environmental development environment is a more important problem for developing countries compared to developed countries, as well as in developing countries, the corresponding institutional base in this direction is not fully formed. Significant problems in this regard were observed in Georgia, which are expressed in the GGG and EP indices between the countries of the world.Item Peculiarities of life insurance in Georgia(Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2024) Kakashvili, Nato; Barbakadze, Khatuna; Kakhniashvili, NatiaOne of the important issues of any country is the protection of life and health of the population. Financial support of life insurance and its development is a priority task of the state, because human life is the most important valuable resource of the country's economy. Based on the above, studying the state of the life insurance market in Georgia and determining the ways of its development is very relevant and interesting. From the point of view of life insurance, society suffers from a lack of information, thus a customer-oriented insurance system is needed, which primarily involves regulating the prices of life insurance services and adjusting them to the population.